[Spanish experiences to promote personal autonomy in the elderly]

Abstract

Objectives: To identify studies analyzing the development of initiatives and the requisite characteristics of programs that promote personal autonomy, to identify the initiatives and policies developed in Spain to promote active aging and to determine whether the programs developed are consistent with the evidence in this field.

Method: We performed a literature review and analyzed the policies developed in each Spanish region. Programs to promote personal autonomy were identified and analyzed through a questionnaire sent to the autonomous regions.

Results: Personal autonomy should be promoted through interventions to improve physical, cognitive, social and psycho-affective functions and by eliminating barriers that hamper independent living. Functional capacities are promoted through leisure activities (83%), reading and cognitive rehabilitation. Independent living is encouraged through podiatry services (38.9%) and food services at home (38.9%). Thirteen autonomous communities and the Biscay Regional Council have developed specific policies to promote personal autonomy. Personal autonomy activities are often conducted in senior or day centers.

Conclusions: There are differences in the provision of programs to promote active aging. The development and implementation of these programs depends on the competent authority (Institute for the Elderly and Social Services, town councils, subsidized private entities, etc.). More evidence and a framework that defines common standards and criteria for the development of effective programs are required.