Erythropoientin (Epo), a glycoprotein hormone, plays an important role in erythropoiesis and neuroprotection. Recently,Epo is also considered to have protective effects against hyperoxic lung injury, retinopathy of prematurity and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Recombinant human erythropietin (rhEpo) as Epo gene cloning drug has been widely used in neonatal clinical practice.