In 2006 were reported first results on induction of pluripotential stem cells from adult somatic cells. It was successfully performed transfection by using genetic engineering and the effective overexpression of four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4 has been obtained. Thus pluripotency was induced in finally differentiated mammalian somatic cells with comparable to embryonic stem cells morphological and transcriptomic profiles. Before, it was only possible by using cloning procedure with diploid nucleus transfer to enucleated oocyte. Soon after range of reports appeared describing genetic modifications of variety human somatic cells enabling them pluripotency. The aim of this article was to summarise a present knowledge with several listed goals to be achieved before the first clinical trials with induced pluripotent stem cells can be feasible. Aspects of cardiovascular diseases treatment have been outlined.