A sample containing carbon nanoparticles was obtained starting with the soot generated during combustion of inexpensive paraffin oil in a flame. The complexity of the sample, however, required fractionation to isolate its components. Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AE-HPLC) was used for the analysis and collection of soot-derived carbon nanoparticles. The fractionated species were monitored by ultraviolet (UV) absorption and laser-induced photoluminescence detection, providing the chromatographic UV absorption and emission profiles of the separated sample. Chromatographic fractionation allowed for bulk measurements of electronic properties for individual fractions and further analysis via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM of fractionated species showed a predominant size of about 4-5 nm diameter particulates. A general trend between photoluminescence and elution time was observed; the later eluting species in the chromatogram exhibited photoluminescence at longer wavelengths than the early eluting species. The AE-HPLC approach can have an immediate impact on the analysis and fractionation of various other nanomaterials, demonstrated here by analyzing samples containing graphitic oxide nanoparticles.