Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world, diabetics and patients with coronary artery diseases in particular. In fact, the increase of cardiovascular risk was established in many epidemiological and clinical studies. The aim of this work is to study both the lipid profile and the enzymatic activity of PON1 in diabetics and coronary patients from Morocco (Casablanca region) along with the cardiovascular risk factors in this population. Three groups of Moroccan subjects were investigated: 36 patients with coronary artery diseases, 110 diabetic patients and 100 healthy subjects (control group). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-HDL) levels were evaluated using colorimetric methods. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL) was calculated according to the Friedewald's formula. Serum activity of PON1 was measured by spectrophotometry. Compared to healthy subjects, we noted a significant decrease of PON1 activity in coronary artery disease (285 U/mL ± 180 U/mL; P < 0.05) and in diabetic (167 U/mL ± 71 U/mL; P < 0.05) patients. In addition, we found that diabetic patients recorded significantly elevated LDL, TG and TC levels. In parallel, coronary artery disease patients scored TG level. The present study revealed an abnormal lipoprotein profile associated with hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of c-HDL, high levels of c-LDL and significant decrease of PON1 activity. These findings confirm the high risk of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic and coronary artery disease patients.