Microfabricated disposable lab-on-a-chip sensors with integrated bismuth microelectrode arrays for voltammetric determination of trace metals

Christos Kokkinos; Anastasios Economou; Ioannis Raptis

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.048

Microfabricated disposable lab-on-a-chip sensors with integrated bismuth microelectrode arrays for voltammetric determination of trace metals

Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jan 13:710:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.048. Epub 2011 Nov 3.

Authors

Christos Kokkinos¹, Anastasios Economou, Ioannis Raptis

Affiliation

¹ Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece.

PMID: 22123106
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.048

Abstract

This work reports the fabrication of disposable three-electrode cells with integrated metal-film electrodes. The devices were fabricated by a multi-step micro-fabrication approach combining sputtering for the deposition of metals and the dielectric material (SiO(2)) on the surface of a silicon wafer and photolithography for the definition of the geometry of the sensors. The working electrode was a microelectrode array consisting of bismuth microdisks while the reference and counter electrode strips were made of Ag and Pt, respectively. The utility of these devices was tested for the trace determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry and Ni(II) by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The detection of these trace metals was carried out in unstirred and undeoxygenated solutions exhibiting sub-μg L(-1) limits of detection and enhanced analytical characteristics compared to conventional bismuth-film electrodes.