Childbirth experience according to a group of Brazilian primiparas

Abstract

Objective: to understand the meaning of the childbirth experience for Brazilian primiparas in the postpartum period.

Design: a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to derive the two themes that emerged from the discourses.

Setting: participants were recruited at four primary-level health-care units in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. After providing written informed consent, an appointment was made for an interview at the participants' homes.

Participants: 20 primiparas in the postpartum period, aged 15-26 years old, who attended the health-care units to vaccinate their infants and test for phenylketonuria.

Findings: two thematic categories emerged from the interviews: the meaning attributed to childbirth (with four subcategories) and perceptions of care. Among the participants, the childbirth experience was marked by the 'fear of death' and 'losing the child'. The pain of giving birth was expected, and the moment of childbirth was associated with pain of high intensity.

Key conclusions: childbirth is considered synonymous with physical and emotional suffering, pain, fear and risk of death.

Implications for practice: this research indicates the need to break the current mechanistic model of care on which health professionals' actions are based. Care during childbirth must be guided by the foundation that women are the subjects of childbirth actions, in an attempt to emphasise actions that grant them with the autonomy and empowerment needed to experience the situation.