Light-controlled gene switches in mammalian cells

Methods Mol Biol. 2012:813:195-210. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-412-4_12.

Abstract

Remote control of cells is a desirable feature in synthetic biology. We established a light-switchable interfering peptide (iPEP) which controls gene expression by modulating the activity of a transcription factor. For photo-switching, the iPEP is cross-linked with a cis-trans isomerizable cross-linker in such a way that the light-activated cis form enables inhibitor folding rendering it active, whereas the dark-adapted trans form forces the inhibitor into an inactive form. Switching can be repeated in both directions. The iPEP acts as dominant-negative inhibitor targeting c-Jun and c-Fos of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). Light-activated peptides exhibited much stronger inhibition of AP-1:DNA complexes and interference with gene transcription than their nonactivated counter parts. In this chapter, we provide protocols for cross-linking, peptide purification, observation of structural changes upon photo-switching, DNA binding analyses as well as gene expression studies in mammalian cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / chemistry
  • Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA / metabolism
  • Gene Expression / radiation effects
  • Genes, Reporter / genetics
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Isomerism
  • Light*
  • Luciferases / genetics
  • Luciferases / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Peptide Fragments / chemistry
  • Peptide Fragments / genetics
  • Peptide Fragments / isolation & purification
  • Peptide Fragments / metabolism
  • Photochemical Processes
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Synthetic Biology / methods*
  • Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism
  • Transcription, Genetic / radiation effects
  • Transfection
  • beta-Galactosidase / genetics
  • beta-Galactosidase / metabolism

Substances

  • Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Transcription Factor AP-1
  • DNA
  • Luciferases
  • beta-Galactosidase