Two cases are reported of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who presented with peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes. They were successfully treated with intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of amoxicillin. In patients on peritoneal dialysis, Listeria monocytogenes is a very rare cause of peritonitis, with only 11 cases reported to date, and mainly occurring in immunocompromised patients. In contrast to the majority of the reported cases, neither of our patients had received immunosuppressive drugs. To our knowledge, these are the first two cases of Listeria peritonitis reported in the Netherlands.