Abdominal hernias repair beside cholecystectomy and appendectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure. The crucial problem in surgery treatment of abdominal hernias is its recurrence, especially high in procedures performed without use of synthetic graft. Advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis of abdominal hernias and the introduction of the new surgical techniques have considerably improved the results of its repair. The widely used synthetic mesh is made of durable material and its structure enables easy and safety intraperitoneal implantation also in laparoscopic surgery. Unfortunately the high cost of this procedure limits its use. There is still need for 'ideal' mesh material and high hope for increasing biological graft application in the future.