In Finland over the past few years approximately 100 new cases of oro- and hypopharyngeal cancer have been diagnosed annually. Most of these are squamous cell carcinomas. The incidence of these diseases increases after age 45. Minor and nonspecific local symptoms caused by the primary tumor are common to pharyngeal cancers at the initial stage of the disease. Often the diagnosis is delayed and the search for the primary tumor is begun only after detection of neck metastases. They occur in 60 to 80% at the time of diagnosis. Among the risk factors, smoking and heavy drinking are most important.