Phase synchronization of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation with the annual cycle

Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 16;107(12):128501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.128501. Epub 2011 Sep 13.

Abstract

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest global climate signal on the interannual time scale. ENSO events occur irregularly, yet individual events follow a similar pattern of developing during boreal summer or fall and peaking during boreal winter. This characteristic of ENSO is often referred to as "phase locking" of ENSO with the annual cycle. However, no observational evidence of phase interaction between the two phenomena has thus far been presented. In this study, we analyze sea surface temperature observations and find the first evidence of partial phase synchronization of ENSO with the annual cycle.