An enzymatic strategy for the preparation of optically pure α-alkyl-α,β-dihydroxyketones is reported. Homo- and cross-coupling reactions of α-diketones catalyzed by acetylacetoin synthase (AAS) produce a set of α-alkyl-α-hydroxy-β-diketones (30-60%, ee 67-90%), which in turn are reduced regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectively to the corresponding chiral α-alkyl-α,β-dihydroxyketones (60-70%, ee >95%) using acetylacetoin reductase (AAR) as catalyst. Both enzymes are obtained from Bacillus licheniformis and used in a crude form. The relative syn stereochemistry of the enantiopure α,β-dihydroxy products is assigned by NOE experiments, whereas their absolute configuration is determined by conversion of the selected 3,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-pentan-2-one to the natural product (+)-citreodiol.