Structure of the major degradant of ezetimibe

Abstract

In a recent contribution to this Journal Gajjar and Shah described the isolation and structure elucidation of the major alkaline degradant of ezetimibe, a lipid lowering agent [A.K. Gajjar, V.D. Shah, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 55 (2011) 225-229]. Based on (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectrometric studies the authors concluded that the structure of the degradant is 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(4-fluorophenylamino)-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl]-pent-4-enoic acid. In a subsequent "Letter to the Editor" submitted to the Journal, Barhate and Mohanra pointed out that the aforementioned structure is inconsistent with the spectroscopic data reported by Gajjar and Shah, consequently it must be wrong [Ch.R. Barhate, K. Mohanra, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 55 (2011) 1237-1238]. However, Barhate and Mohanra did not offer a correct structure in their critical letter. Based on the cited NMR data we realised that previously we had had the same degradant in hand and had unambiguously determined its structure from detailed (1)H, (13)C, COSY, H-C HSQC, H-C HMBC and 1D-NOESY NMR investigations. Herein we report the correct structure to be (2R,3R,6S)-N,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxamide. However, the structure is not new and was described earlier [G.Y.S.K. Swamy et al., Acta Cryst. E 61 (2005) o3608-o3610; K. Filip et al., J. Mol. Struct. 991 (2011) 162-170]. The aim of our present communication is to bring together the various threads of analytical effort involving this degradant into a compact and hopefully instructive conclusion on the pages of this Journal. For the sake of completeness and clarity we also list the correct NMR spectral assignments for ezetimibe which was also given partly erroneously in the earlier literature, and we propose a mechanism for the formation of the degradant.