Conformational analysis of 18-azacrown-6 and its bonding with late first transition series divalent metals: insight from DFT combined with NPA and QTAIM analyses

J Phys Chem A. 2011 Nov 17;115(45):13180-90. doi: 10.1021/jp206484m. Epub 2011 Sep 30.

Abstract

Density functional theory calculations, together with quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses, have been performed to investigate 18-azacrown-6 complexes of the high-spin late first transition series divalent metal ions in the gas phase and, in some cases, in aqueous solution simulated by a polarizable continuum model. Six intramolecular H-H bonding interactions in the meso-complexes are found to arise from folding of the ligand upon its electrostatic interaction with the metal ions, which are largely absent in the lowest-energy C(2h) conformer of the free ligand. The ligand-to-metal charge transfer obtained from QTAIM analysis, among other things, is found to be an important factor that controls the stability of these complexes. The inter-relationship between the ligand preorganization energy, the zero-point corrected formation energy of the metal complexes, and the H-H bonding pair distances, as well as the dependence of the electron density and the total energy density at the H-H bond critical points on the H-H bonding pair distances, provides a physical basis for understanding and explaining the stabilizing nature of these closed-shell interactions, which are often viewed as steric clashes that lead to complex destabilization.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Crown Ethers / chemistry*
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Organometallic Compounds / chemistry*
  • Quantum Theory*
  • Transition Elements / chemistry*

Substances

  • Crown Ethers
  • Ligands
  • Organometallic Compounds
  • Transition Elements
  • 18-crown-6