Due to the complex mechanisms of L-arginine activity, it is difficult to determine the clinical significance of supplementation with this amino acid. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of short-term supplementation with L-arginine in stress conditions, induced by ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, by assessing the damage to muscular and hepatic cells on the basis of creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartic aminotransferase (AspAT) activity in blood and the level of oxygen free radicals in analyzed tissues of rats. We observed that induced ischemia of hind limb caused an increase in CK, ALAT and AspAT activity and an increase in the level of free radicals in liver, but not in skeletal muscle. Supplementation with L-arginine led to a reduction in serum activity of CK and AspAT and reduction of the level of free radicals in analysed tissues. Simultaneous supplementation with L -arginine AND L-NAME resulted in a reversal of changes induced by L-arginine supplementation in the case of AspAT and free radicals in skeletal muscle. The results indicate that under conditions of ischemia-reperfusion, short-term administration of L-arginine has a protective effect on skeletal muscle manifesting itself by reduction of CK in the serum and reduction of free radicals level in THIS tissue.