The role of protein disorder in the 14-3-3 interaction network

Mol Biosyst. 2012 Jan;8(1):178-84. doi: 10.1039/c1mb05216k. Epub 2011 Sep 22.

Abstract

Disordered regions are segments of a protein that do not fold completely and thus remain flexible. These regions have key physiological roles, particularly in phospho-proteins, which are enriched in disorder-promoting residues surrounding their phosphorylation sites. 14-3-3 proteins are ordered hubs that interact with multiple and diverse intrinsically disordered phosphorylated targets. This provides 14-3-3 with the ability to participate in and to regulate multiple signalling networks. Here, I review the effect of structural disorder on the mechanism involved in 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions and how 14-3-3 impacts cell biology through disordered ligands. How 14-3-3 proteins constitute an advantageous system to identify novel classes of biological tools is discussed with a special emphasis on a particular-and innovative-use of small molecules to stabilize 14-3-3 protein complexes, useful to study gene expression, cancer signalling and neurodegenerative diseases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • 14-3-3 Proteins / chemistry*
  • 14-3-3 Proteins / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Folding*
  • Protein Interaction Maps*
  • Protein Isoforms / chemistry
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • 14-3-3 Proteins
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Transcription Factors