Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains the most common and critical viral infection that occurs after liver transplantation (LT). The current set of guidelines recommends prophylaxis over a preemptive therapy for pediatric LT; however, the data regarding the optimal approach after LT in children are limited.
Methods: We conducted a universal preemptive therapy for CMV infection in 113 children (median: 16 months) after live-donor LT at the largest pediatric LT center in Japan between November 2005 and August 2009. CMV-pp65 antigenemia was monitored weekly regardless of the subjects' CMV serostatus after LT, and ganciclovir therapy was initiated when CMV-pp65 antigenemia was positive.
Results: The overall success rate of LT was 91.7%. CMV-pp65 antigenemia became positive in 37 (33%) recipients, and the positivity with their CMV serostatus was as follows: donor (D)+/recipient (R)-: 62%, D+/R+: 36%, D-/R+: 11%, and D-/R-: 8%. Among the D+/R- (n=29) and D+/R+ (n=44) recipients, 38% (n=11) and 64% (n=28) recipients were able to avoid the use of ganciclovir, respectively. Human CMV disease was documented in six (5%) recipients, and they were successfully treated with ganciclovir without any sequelae.
Conclusions: A universal preemptive therapy for CMV infection after live-donor LT was successful for reducing the use of antiviral agents and for controlling CMV infection and disease in children.