Immunity and tolerance to infections in experimental hematopoietic transplantation

Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2011 Sep;24(3):435-42. doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.04.006. Epub 2011 Jul 1.

Abstract

Resistance and tolerance are two types of host defense mechanisms that increase fitness in response to fungi. Several genetic polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors, most remarkably Toll-like receptors (TLRs), have been described to influence resistance and tolerance to aspergillosis in distinct clinical settings. TLRs on dendritic cells pivotally contribute in determining the balance between immunopathology and protective immunity to the fungus. Epithelial cells also contribute to this balance via selected TLRs converging on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Studies in experimental hematopoietic transplantation confirmed the dichotomy of pathways leading to resistance and tolerance to the fungus providing new insights on the relative contribution of the hematopoietic/nonhematopoietic compartments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aspergillosis / immunology*
  • Aspergillosis / therapy
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Epithelial Cells / immunology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Immune Tolerance*
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / immunology
  • Toll-Like Receptors / immunology*
  • Transplantation, Homologous

Substances

  • Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
  • Toll-Like Receptors