The article presents the literature data concerning the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations as postcholecystectomical syndrome and syndrome of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (ARIS). Was provided information on the microflora of the small intestine and factors affecting its formation. It is shown that the main clinical manifestations of ARIS influenced by intestinal motility disorders, the processes of intestinal digestion and absorption. Are also given own results, which allowed to justify the selection of a clinical variant postcholecystectomical syndrome associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.