Preparation and biological evaluation of enzyme-assisted extracts from edible seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera) as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophages

Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012 Mar;63(2):187-93. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2011.616486. Epub 2011 Sep 13.

Abstract

The multifunctional bioactive materials were prepared from Enteromorpha prolifera by enzyme-assisted extraction using four proteases and seven carbohydrases, and the biological activities of the enzyme-assisted extracts were evaluated as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-inflammatory effect as the measures of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells. The enzyme-assisted extracts were rich in polyphenols in the range 124 ± 4.2 to 844 ± 9.1 mg/100 g and flavonoids in the range 453 ± 6.0 to 675 ± 5.2 mg/100 g, and Protamex and Viscozyme extracts, which were rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferrous ion chelating and reducing power. Flavourzyme extract (89.92%) and Promozyme extract (93.64%) showed the highest AChE inhibitory activities at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. All enzyme-assisted extracts showed no cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells at the tested concentration and significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antioxidants / analysis
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology*
  • Biphenyl Compounds / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / isolation & purification
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Ferrous Compounds / metabolism
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / metabolism
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Macrophages / drug effects
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis*
  • Peptide Hydrolases / metabolism
  • Picrates / metabolism
  • Plant Preparations / chemistry
  • Plant Preparations / pharmacology*
  • Plants, Edible / chemistry
  • Polyphenols / isolation & purification
  • Polyphenols / pharmacology
  • Seaweed / chemistry*
  • Ulva / chemistry*

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Biphenyl Compounds
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Ferrous Compounds
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Picrates
  • Plant Preparations
  • Polyphenols
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Peptide Hydrolases