Flow analysis methods for the direct ultra-violet spectrophotometric measurement of nitrate and total nitrogen in freshwaters

Abstract

Second derivative ultra-violet spectrophotometric methods are described for the measurement of nitrate and total nitrogen in freshwaters using flow analysis techniques. A simple flow system consisting of a peristaltic pump and a single-reflection flow-through cell was used for the measurement of nitrate. Quantification of total nitrogen using alkaline peroxodisulfate photo-digestion was achieved by incorporating an ultra-violet photo-reactor, a hollow-fibre filter and a debubbler into the flow system. The nitrate system featured a limit of detection of 0.04 mg N L(-1), 0.4%RSD (1 mg N L(-1) as nitrate, n=10), a coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.9995 over the calibration range 0.0-2.0 mg N L(-1), and a data acquisition time of 1.5s per spectrum. The total nitrogen system featured a limit of detection of 0.05 mg N L(-1), 1%RSD (1 mg N L(-1) as ammonium chloride, n=10), a coefficient of determination of 0.9989 over the calibration range 0.0-2.0 mg N L(-1), and a throughput of 5 sample h(-1) measured in triplicate. Digestions of five model nitrogen compounds returned recoveries of >88%. Determinations carried out using the developed systems show a high degree of agreement with data obtained using reference methods. These methods require no colorimetric reagents and eliminate the requirement for a toxic cadmium reduction column. The overlap of chloride and nitrate spectra in seawater is not eliminated entirely by the use of second derivative spectrophotometry, and consequently the methods are restricted to the analysis of freshwaters.