Biological products are a kind of special agents for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The research and development of biological products come from the combined knowledge of many subjects, such as microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, cytology, genetic engineering and fermentation technology. Biological products industry is the core and the hot spot of the biotechnology industry. In recent years, China has made some advances in biological products research and development. To promote biological products research in China, invited reviews and selected research articles were published in this special issue of "Biological Products". The reviews and research articles focus on the field of the biological products for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.