Return of inactivated whole-virus vaccine for superior efficacy

Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jul;90(6):571-8. doi: 10.1038/icb.2011.70. Epub 2011 Aug 16.

Abstract

The swine, influenza, H1N1 outbreak in 2009 highlighted the inadequacy of the currently used antibody-based vaccine strategies as a preventive measure for combating influenza pandemics. The ultimate goal for successful control of newly arising influenza outbreaks is to design a single-shot vaccine that will provide long-lasting immunity against all strains of influenza A virus. A large amount of data from animal studies has indicated that the cross-reactive cytotoxic T (Tc) cell response against conserved influenza virus epitopes may be the key immune response needed for a universal influenza vaccine. However, decades of research have shown that the development of safe T-cell-based vaccines for influenza is not an easy task. Here, I discuss the overlooked but potentially highly advantageous inactivation method, namely, γ-ray irradiation, as a mean to reach the Holy Grail of influenza vaccinology.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Cross Protection
  • Epitopes / immunology
  • Gamma Rays
  • Humans
  • Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / immunology
  • Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / radiation effects
  • Influenza A virus / immunology*
  • Influenza A virus / radiation effects
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology*
  • Influenza, Human / immunology*
  • Influenza, Human / prevention & control*
  • Influenza, Human / virology
  • Mice
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology*
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Epitopes
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Inactivated