Objectives: Stroke, frequently a consequence of hypertension, is one of the leading causes of death and neurological disabilities worldwide. In the ischemic brain, levels of endothelin-1, one of the most potent vasoconstrictors, are raised. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of endothelin antagonists after stroke have been described in literature. Based on these findings, we investigated the protective effect of the endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase blocker, SLV 338, in salt-loaded, stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Methods: Male, 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats were put on a high salt diet and treated with either 30 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg SLV 338 or vehicle for 27 weeks. Blood pressure, neurological outcome, body weight, and mortality were investigated throughout treatment. In weeks 1 and 9, animals were housed in metabolic cages for collection of urinary and blood samples and assessment of salt water and food intake. In weeks 22 and 27, additional blood samples were taken. At the end of the study, all brains were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging.
Results: SLV 338 was well tolerated in all animals. Neurological outcome and infarct size were similar in all groups. Albuminuria was considerably delayed and the incidence of stroke significantly lowered in treated animals. In spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats, treatment with SLV 338 significantly (P = 0·01) improved survival in comparison to the vehicle treated group in a blood pressure-independent manner.
Discussion: Our data in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats demonstrate that combined endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibition could offer a new therapeutic approach for primary stroke prevention and improvement of mortality. The mechanism seems to be blood pressure-independent.