Recently, altered expression levels of several microRNAs have been observed in gliomas, the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. To review whether microRNAs might be promising biomarkers of human gliomas, we comprehensively searched the Cochrane Library, Medline and EMbase from 1966 to 2010 with the language limitation of English. We found that further understanding of the functions of miRNAs in specific cellular events is needed; the continuous technological advances in accurate and cost-effective miRNAs detection provide the prospect of a very promising role for miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers of gliomas.