Background: Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a relatively uncommon entity of unknown etiology characterized by symmetrically subcutaneous accumulation of nonencapsulated adipose tissue. Approximately 200 to 300 cases have been published.
Objectives: The aims of this article are to report the case of a 58-year-old Brazilian patient with MSL and provide a comprehensive overview of the current concepts concerning this disease.
Methods: Our search yielded 28 articles on MSL, including case reports and reviews of the literature.
Results: MSL predominantly affects Mediterranean males with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. It is usually asymptomatic and may be associated with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, macrocytic anemia, and oral cancer. Surgical resection is the best treatment option.
Conclusion: The case reported is a classic presentation of MSL; however, it is particularly uncommon owing to the association with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. This association has been described only once in the medical literature.