The feasibility of using thermal strain imaging to regulate energy delivery during intracardiac radio-frequency ablation

IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2011 Jul;58(7):1406-17. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2011.1960.

Abstract

A method is introduced to monitor cardiac ablative therapy by examining slope changes in the thermal strain curve caused by speed of sound variations with temperature. The sound speed of water-bearing tissue such as cardiac muscle increases with temperature. However, at temperatures above about 50°C, there is no further increase in the sound speed and the temperature coefficient may become slightly negative. For ablation therapy, an irreversible injury to tissue and a complete heart block occurs in the range of 48 to 50°C for a short period in accordance with the well-known Arrhenius equation. Using these two properties, we propose a potential tool to detect the moment when tissue damage occurs by using the reduced slope in the thermal strain curve as a function of heating time. We have illustrated the feasibility of this method initially using porcine myocardium in vitro. The method was further demonstrated in vivo, using a specially equipped ablation tip and an 11-MHz microlinear intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) array mounted on the tip of a catheter. The thermal strain curves showed a plateau, strongly suggesting that the temperature reached at least 50°C.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures / methods*
  • Catheter Ablation / adverse effects
  • Catheter Ablation / methods*
  • Echocardiography / methods*
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Hot Temperature
  • Intraoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Myocardium / cytology
  • Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted*
  • Swine