Batch operation of biofilter--free-water surface wetland series for enhancing nitritation and anammox

Water Environ Res. 2011 Jun;83(6):541-8. doi: 10.2175/106143010x12780288628813.

Abstract

This study compared two series of ecologically engineered treatment systems for nitrogen removal by enhancing nitritation and anammox. Each treatment series had two biofilters followed by one free-water surface (FWS) wetland. The first series included biofilters packed with marble chips and demonstrated a development process in nitrogen removal through the first 26 cycles of weekly batch operation. The series then stabilized at an average ammonium removal rate of 19.2 g N/m3 x d and total nitrogen removal rate of 10.6 g N/m3 x d during the latest 22 cycles. The second series, which consisted of biofilters packed with pea pebbles, experienced decreasing nitrogen removal rates. Anammox and heterotrophic denitrification accounted for 77% and 23%, respectively, of the total nitrogen removal in the marble biofilters. Nitrogen removal rates in the FWS wetlands increased significantly with ammonium loading rates increasing up to approximately 30 g N/m3.d. Ammonium and total nitrogen removal followed zero-order reaction kinetics. The marble biofilter-wetland series reached an ammonium removal rate of 30.3 g N/m3 x d and total nitrogen removal rate of 23.0 g N/m3 x d through the latest 22 cycles of batch operation at the average ammonium loading rate of 56.4 g N/m3 x d.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Bioreactors
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Nitrogen / chemistry
  • Nitrogen / metabolism
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / chemistry
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / metabolism*
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid / methods*
  • Water / chemistry*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Water Purification / methods*
  • Wetlands*

Substances

  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Water
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Nitrogen