Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is one of the most common and serious complications of ERCP, which has become a major concern for digestive endoscopists. In the present study, we examine whether pancreatic duct stenting can reduce the incidence of PEP. Forty patients who underwent an ERCP in our hospital were selected according to their risk factors for PEP. They were randomly divided into two groups: (1) 20 subjects received a pancreatic duct stenting after ERCP to prevent pancreatitis (stent group, S); and (2) the other 20 subjects did not receive pancreatic duct stenting after ERCP (non-stent group, NS). Urine and serum amylase, and serum lipase were determined after the operation; symptoms of abdominal pain were monitored; cost of hospitalization was evaluated for the comparison. The results show that (1) 18 cases developed PEP, and they were significantly less in S group than in NS group (4 vs. 14 cases; P < 0.01); (2) Serum amylase was significantly lower in S group than in NS group (197.8 ± 339.7 vs. 825.4 ± 1253.4 U/l, respectively; P < 0.05); (3) The intensity of abdominal pain was 3.4 ± 0.8 in S group, compared to 4.1 ± 1.2 in NS group; (4) Duration of pharmaceutical treatment was not significantly different between the two groups (4.2 ± 1.4 vs. 6.1 ± 2.3 days, in S and NS group, respectively); and (5) The total hospitalization cost was significantly less in S group (8928 ± 2635 RMB) than in NS group (11288 ± 4325 RMB; P < 0.05). It is concluded that pancreatic duct stenting can reduce the incidence of PEP, shorten the duration of hospitalization, and therefore, lessen patients' financial burden. It is shown to be an effective way to prevent PEP.