Unprecedented Route to Ordered Polyaniline: Direct Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Fibrillar Films with Strong π-π Stacking Alignment

Abstract

Films of polyaniline (PANI) featuring about 80% crystallinity and characterised with strong π-π stacking alignment parallel to the film surface have been obtained directly after the original synthesis upon simple drying of the aqueous PANI suspension. A strong anisotropy in the growth of the nano-sized crystals produced during the synthesis results in the formation of micrometer-length fibrils perpendicular to the film surface in the course of water evaporation. The regular intercalation of water molecules between the PANI chains seems to be crucial for their ordering throughout the synthesis and film formation.