Purpose: To evaluate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings that predict angiographic leakage in choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
Methods: SD-OCT and fluorescein angiography (FA) images of 93 eyes of 93 patients were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were previously treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for CNV from age-related macular degeneration. FA images were analyzed to assess the presence of leakage. SD-OCT images were analyzed to identify the overall presence of fluid, as well as specific patterns of fluid presentation, including intraretinal cystic spaces (ICS), retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED), and neurosensory detachment (NSD). The presence of ultrastructural features such as intraretinal hyperreflective flecks and the inherent reflectivity and boundary definition of the subretinal material were evaluated. Both the association and the sensitivity, specificity, and both positive and negative predictive values of SD-OCT findings compared with FA leakage were calculated.
Results: A statistically significant association between SD-OCT findings and FA leakage was found for eyes that displayed fluid, NSD, intraretinal flecks, and low reflectivity or undefined boundaries from subretinal material, and not for PED or ICS. Sensitivity and specificity for SD-OCT findings were, respectively: 94% and 27% for fluid; 68% and 88% for NSD; 81% and 83% for intraretinal flecks; 63% and 92% for undefined boundaries of subretinal material; and 94% and 87% for low reflectivity from subretinal material.
Conclusions: The evidence of fluid on SD-OCT is sensitive but nonspecific in identifying FA leaky CNV. The assessment of neurosensory detachment as well as other ultrastructural elements may increase the specificity of analysis.