Delaying selection for fungicide insensitivity by mixing fungicides at a low and high risk of resistance development: a modeling analysis

Phytopathology. 2011 Oct;101(10):1224-33. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-10-0290.

Abstract

This study used mathematical modeling to predict whether mixtures of a high-resistance-risk and a low-risk fungicide delay selection for resistance against the high-risk fungicide. We used the winter wheat and Mycosphaerella graminicola host-pathogen system as an example, with a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide as the high-risk and chlorothalonil as the low-risk fungicide. The usefulness of the mixing strategy was measured as the "effective life": the number of seasons that the disease-induced reduction of the integral of canopy green area index during the yield forming period could be kept <5%. We determined effective lives for strategies in which the dose rate (i) was constant for both the low-risk and high-risk fungicides, (ii) was constant for the low-risk fungicide but could increase for the high-risk fungicide, and (iii) was adjusted for both fungicides but their ratio in the mixture was fixed. The effective life was highest when applying the full label-recommended dose of the low-risk fungicide and adjusting the dose of the high-risk fungicide each season to the level required to maintain effective control. This strategy resulted in a predicted effective life of ≤ 12 years compared with 3 to 4 years when using the high risk fungicide alone.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ascomycota / drug effects*
  • Ascomycota / growth & development
  • Computer Simulation
  • Drug Resistance, Fungal / drug effects*
  • Fungicides, Industrial / pharmacology*
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Plant Diseases / microbiology*
  • Seasons
  • Selection, Genetic / drug effects
  • Triticum / microbiology*

Substances

  • Fungicides, Industrial