We reported here a case of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in a 28-year-old male patient, which diagnosis is discussed according to the different classifications. This case focused on some new criteria and changes in the new WHO classification (2008) of AML, especially when erythroid precursors represent over 50% of bone marrow nucleated cells. It also pointed on some gene mutations (NPM1, CEPBA, FLT3, WT1…) and their prognostic features in AML with a normal karyotype, leading to individualize two new provisional entities in the WHO classification of tumours of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008.