[Long-term results of the treatment of optic disc pit associated with serous macular detachment: a review of 20 cases]

Abstract

Introduction: The pathogenesis of the macular serous retinal detachment (SRD) associated with congenital optic disc pit remains controversial. The treatment is also discussed. Through this study, which includes the majority of the techniques available, we report our experiment in the treatment of this pathology.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective single-centre study of 20 patients who presented with macular SRD associated with optic disc pit between 1983 and 2009. Various treatments were provided. At the beginning of the study, patients were treated only by juxtapapillary laser photocoagulation. After laser failure then as first-line treatment, laser photocoagulation was associated with intravitreal gas (C3F8) injection with postoperative facedown positioning for 2 weeks. During the past few years, all patients have been systematically treated with vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, laser, and gas (C2F6) tamponade.

Results: This series consisted of 20 patients: nine men and 11 women. The patients' mean age at presentation was 29 years (range, 9-60 years). The mean time between the onset of the decrease in visual acuity (VA) and treatment was 6.1 months. None of these patients had a posterior vitreous detachment at the time of diagnosis. Six patients were treated by laser photocoagulation alone, which was successful only in two cases. Eleven patients (with laser treatment failure in three) were treated by laser and intravitreal gas injection, with a 72% success rate. We performed vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid dissection, laser, and gas tamponade in eight cases (with laser-gas treatment failure in two) with 87% success rate and no recurrence. Five of these patients had ILM peeling during the vitrectomy. The mean follow-up period was 60 months (range, 2 months to 17 years).

Conclusion: This study shows that early treatment of macular SRD associated with optic disc pit by vitrectomy, ILM peeling, juxtapapillary photocoagulation, and gas tamponade is followed by good anatomical and functional results. This treatment is superior to the other less invasive procedures. Optical coherence tomography is an important exam for diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of patients.