Myocardial response in preterm fetal sheep exposed to systemic endotoxinaemia

Pediatr Res. 2011 Sep;70(3):242-6. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318225fbcb.

Abstract

Exposure of the fetus to antenatal inflammation can occur from chorioamnionitis, which may progress to a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) and to fetal sepsis. We tested whether the fetal myocardium responded to systemic Gram-negative endotoxinaemia. We hypothesized that the myocardium would respond to inflammation by changes in hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-1α), inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), IL-6, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3). To model systemic endotoxinaemia, fetal sheep were exposed to Gram-negative endotoxin or saline i.v. 3 d before preterm delivery at 113 d of gestation (term = 147 d). All endotoxin-exposed animals developed cardiac dysfunction within these 72 h. Cardiac mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA increased, whereas STAT3 phosphorylation decreased significantly. IL-6 and iNOS mRNA remained unchanged. Fetal systemic endotoxinaemia induced myocardial inflammation by activating TLR2 and 4. The following cardiac dysfunction seems not to be mediated via cardiac iNOS.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Endotoxins / blood*
  • Endotoxins / immunology*
  • Endotoxins / pharmacology*
  • Female
  • Fetus / anatomy & histology
  • Fetus / drug effects*
  • Fetus / immunology*
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / genetics
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / immunology
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Interleukin-6 / genetics
  • Interleukin-6 / immunology
  • Myocardium / cytology
  • Myocardium / metabolism*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / genetics
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
  • Pregnancy
  • Sheep*
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / immunology
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / immunology

Substances

  • Endotoxins
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • Interleukin-6
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II