We investigated the individual and combined effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF2) on the derivation and maintenance of rabbit embryonic stem cell lines isolated from parthenogenetic activated embryos (p-rES). First, we demonstrated that p-rES cell lines can be prevented from differentiation via LIF (STAT3) and bFGF2 (MEK-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT) signaling on MEF feeders. High levels of ERK1/2 and AKT activities were crucial for maintaining p-rES cells in an undifferentiated state. Although the p-rES cells under the influence of LIF (500, 1000, and 2000 U/mL) or bFGF2 (5, 10, and 20 ng/mL) alone showed enhanced expression in the pluripotency markers, the highest levels of marker expressions coincided with the simultaneous presence of LIF (1000 U/mL) and bFGF2 (10 ng/mL). The phosphorylation status of LIF and bFGF2 downstream signaling molecules including STAT3, ERK, and AKT was also intensively involved in the maintenance of p-rES cell proliferation and self-renewal. Induced dephosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2, and AKT by specific inhibitors caused remarkable losses of self-renewal capacity of p-rES cells. We conclude that bFGF2 and LIF by itself are self-sufficient in maintaining the state of undifferentiation and self-renewal of rabbit p-ES cells, yet are most effective when acting concomitantly.