[The risk for myocarditis of clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics: case report and study of the literature]

Psychiatr Prax. 2011 May;38(4):201-3. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1266074. Epub 2011 May 5.
[Article in German]

Abstract

Objective: Clozapine is considered as a strong psychopharmaceutic agent in symptom control of psychotic disturbances. However, possible side effects to hematologic, metabolic and cardiologic systems are still entailing a defensive application in psychiatric praxis.

Methods: A patient suffering from schizoaffective disorder clinically developed symptoms of cardial disturbances under the psychopharmacotherapy of Clozapine. Specific laboratory analysis and technical procedures were applied, clarifying the background of this serious event.

Results: ECG and specific myocardial enzymes (CK, Troponine-I) requesting an acute myocardial infarction were negative. Specific laboratory analysis revealed positive inflammation markers with elevated C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Additionally, there was increasing of TNF-alpha and C3 as well as an eosinophilia at differential blood cell count. Echocardiography found an unspecific dyskinesia of the left ventricle, but contrast-enhanced cardial MRI showed structural intramyocardial inhomogeneities suggesting a myocarditis.

Conclusions: In spite of the striking psycho-pharmacotherapeutic benefit, Clozapine may be associated with serious cardial events. We discuss these cardiological problems in association to a Clozapine therapy in regard to its clinical relevance in treatment of psychotic disturbances.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antipsychotic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antipsychotic Agents / toxicity*
  • Clozapine / therapeutic use
  • Clozapine / toxicity*
  • Crisis Intervention
  • Dangerous Behavior
  • Delusions / diagnosis
  • Delusions / drug therapy
  • Delusions / psychology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Myocarditis / chemically induced*
  • Myocarditis / diagnosis
  • Patient Admission
  • Psychotic Disorders / diagnosis
  • Psychotic Disorders / drug therapy*
  • Psychotic Disorders / psychology
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / chemically induced
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / diagnosis

Substances

  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Clozapine