Stability studies on trans-rosmarinic acid and GC-MS analysis of its degradation product

Abstract

The stability of trans-rosmarinic acid (trans-RA, an important phenolic compound with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral properties) exposed to different stress conditions (daylight, higher temperatures, different solvents, and humidity) was investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the degraded samples, and structural identification of degradation products was assigned based upon MS fragmentation pattern. The GC-MS method was validated in terms of linearity, precision as repeatability, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery. The stability experiments were performed on pure trans-RA and on trans-RA present in commercially available rosemary extract. The cis-isomer of RA was the only degradation product. The results showed that trans-RA was readily isomerized into its cis-form within a few hours when dissolved in ethanol, methanol or tetrahydrofuran, and exposed to darkness or daylight at different temperatures. Isomerization took place to a greater extent in protic than in aprotic solvents. Trans-RA in the solid state was found to be stable for up to three months under all tested conditions. The described GC-MS method was also applied to the determination of trans-RA in eight different species of Lamiaceae family.