The structure of the adsorbed palmitic acid at the iron oxide/oil interface has been investigated using polarized neutron reflectometry. The palmitic acid was found to be strongly adsorbed at the oxide/oil interface resulting in a monolayer of thickness 16 ± 4 Å for 150 and 500 ppm palmitic acid concentrations (16 ± 5 Å for the 1000 ppm solution). These layer thicknesses suggest tilt for the palmitic acid molecules with respect to the interface. The model also requires a second diffuse layer extending in the bulk oil. The thickness of this diffuse layer was 35 ± 17 Å for the 150 ppm solution and 45 ± 22 Å for 500 and 1000 ppm solution. The composition profiles at the interface suggest a depletion of the oil in the vicinity of the interface as the concentration of palmitic acid increases.