Discriminating octahedral transition metal ions: highly selective tripodal tris-(2,2'-bipyridine) functionalized piperazine cyclophane receptor for Cu2+ ions

Dalton Trans. 2011 Jun 7;40(21):5706-10. doi: 10.1039/c1dt10406c. Epub 2011 Apr 20.

Abstract

New tripodal transition metal ion receptors, tris(5-ethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and tris(5-carboxylate-2,2'-bipyridine) substituted 27-membered trimeric piperazine cyclophanes 5 and 7 as well as tetra(5-ethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine) substituted 36-membered tetrameric piperazine cyclophane 6, have been prepared and their transition metal ion complexing properties studied in solution by UV-vis spectroscopy and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of [H(3)5(3+)·Fe(2+)]·4(ClO(4)(-))·CF(3)COO(-) (V), [H(3)7(2+)·Fe(2+)]·2(SO(4)(2-)) (VII) and the reference complex [tris(5,5'-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine)Fe(II) perchlorate] (I) showed that the robust piperazine cyclophane is an optimal platform in preorganizing the 2,2'-bipy moieties to form a very fixed octahedral coordination site. In an acidic water solution, the highly preorganized structure of 5 gives a [5·Fe(2+)] complex, the stability of which is comparable with the classical tris(2,2'-bipy) Fe(2+)-complex but it is a significant 3.7 logK units more stable than the non-preorganized tetrameric analog [6·Fe(2+)]. Detailed studies with other similar divalent octahedral transition metal cations showed that the restricted octahedral coordination in complexes of 5 results in an unusual selectivity. The selectivity order [Zn(2+)<Co(2+)<Ni(2+)≈Fe(2+)<Cu(2+)] deviates significantly from that of typical tris(2,2'-bipy) complexes [Zn(2+)<Co(2+)<Cu(2+)≈Fe(2+)<Ni(2+)]. As a highlight, cyclophane 5 exhibits exceptionally high selectivity towards Cu(2+) ions but very weak binding for Co(2+).

MeSH terms

  • 2,2'-Dipyridyl / chemistry*
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Ions / chemistry
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Piperazine
  • Piperazines / chemistry*
  • Piperidines / chemistry*
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  • Transition Elements / chemistry*

Substances

  • Ions
  • Piperazines
  • Piperidines
  • Transition Elements
  • Piperazine
  • 2,2'-Dipyridyl
  • Copper