Type 1 diabetes control and pregnancy outcomes in women treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or with insulin glargine and multiple daily injections of rapid-acting insulin analogues (glargine-MDI)

Abstract

Aim: The best way to treat pregnant patients who have type 1 diabetes is still unclear. For this reason, the present study compared metabolic control and maternal-fetal outcomes in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous infusions of rapid-acting insulin analogues (CSII) or with insulin glargine and multiple daily injections of rapid-acting insulin analogues (glargine-MDI).

Methods: This retrospective multicentre study involved 144 women with type 1 diabetes, 100 of whom were using CSII and 44 glargine-MDI. Outcomes analyzed were metabolic control, diabetes complications, pregnancy outcome, perinatal morbidity and mortality, and fetal malformations.

Results: The two groups were comparable for age, prepregnancy BMI, primiparous rate and diabetes complications, although patients using CSII had longer duration of diabetes (P=0.03) and higher White classifications (P=0.04). In both groups, metabolic control improved during pregnancy, but good control was reached earlier among patients using CSII. At parturition, patients using CSII had lower HbA(1c) (6.2±0.7% vs 6.5±0.8%; P=0.02) and required less insulin (P<0.01). Weight gain was similar in both groups, and maternal-fetal outcomes did not differ.

Conclusion: In pregnant patients with type 1 diabetes, MDI and CSII are equivalent in terms of metabolic control and fetal-maternal outcomes, although patients using CSII achieved good control earlier and with less insulin.