Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Basic Violet 2 using TiO2-SiO2 composite nanoparticles

Abstract

In this report, TiO(2) -SiO(2) composite nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal hydrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride and tetraethylorthosilicate as TiO(2) and SiO(2) precursors, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption/desorption and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results indicated that, in comparison with pure TiO(2), TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles had a higher thermal stability, which prevents phase transformation from anatase to rutile. In addition, the TiO(2)-SiO(2) nanoparticles had a higher specific surface area, larger pore volume, greater band gap energy and smaller crystallite size. Thus, the surface area of TiO(2)-40% SiO(2) composite nanoparticles was about 17 times higher than that of pure TiO(2) nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles in the photodegradation of C.I. Basic Violet 2 was investigated. The photodegradation rate of Basic Violet 2 using TiO(2)-40% SiO(2) nanoparticles calcined at 600°C was much faster than that using pure TiO(2) and Degussa P25 TiO(2) by 10.9 and 4.3 times, respectively. The higher photoactivity of the TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles was attributed to their higher surface area, larger pore volume, greater band-gap energy and smaller crystallite size compared with pure TiO(2).