Abstract
The study evaluates the role of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the process of striated muscle cell transformation after occupation by Trichinella spiralis. Its relationship with other apoptosis-related factors [apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX), Bcl-2, caspase 3, survivin, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and endothelial and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase] was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In the context of low BAX and caspase 3 expression and strong distribution of AIF in the sarcoplasm and nucleus at the very early stage of infection, we suppose that AIF-mediated signaling is involved in the apoptosis activation in the area of Trichinella occupation. In the time course of nurse cell formation, survivin and caspase 3 migrated into the enlarged nuclei with strong PARP-1 expression. In the end of encapsulation of Trichinella, expression of all proapoptotic factors ceased and only survivin in the nuclei and Bcl-2 positivity in the cytoplasm persisted in the formed nurse cell. The expression of sarcoplasmic iNOS was absent during the process of muscle cell de-differentiation and reappeared within the nurse cell. It seems that upregulation and downregulation of factors of apoptosis in the skeletal muscle cell represents an adaptive mechanism providing a comfortable niche for the parasite.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Adaptation, Physiological*
-
Animals
-
Apoptosis / physiology*
-
Apoptosis Inducing Factor / genetics
-
Apoptosis Inducing Factor / metabolism
-
Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 / genetics
-
Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 / metabolism
-
Caspase 3 / genetics
-
Caspase 3 / metabolism
-
Cell Nucleus / metabolism
-
Cell Nucleus / parasitology
-
Cell Nucleus / ultrastructure
-
Enzyme Activation
-
Gene Expression Regulation
-
Host-Parasite Interactions*
-
Immunohistochemistry
-
Larva / physiology*
-
Mice
-
Mice, Inbred BALB C
-
Mitochondria / enzymology*
-
Mitochondria / parasitology
-
Mitochondria / ultrastructure
-
Muscle Cells / metabolism*
-
Muscle Cells / parasitology
-
Muscle Cells / ultrastructure
-
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / genetics
-
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
-
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
-
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / genetics
-
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / metabolism
-
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / genetics
-
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
-
Signal Transduction
-
Trichinella spiralis / physiology*
-
Trichinellosis* / metabolism
-
Trichinellosis* / parasitology
-
bcl-2-Associated X Protein / genetics
-
bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism
Substances
-
Apoptosis Inducing Factor
-
Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1
-
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
-
bcl-2-Associated X Protein
-
NOS2 protein, human
-
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
-
Parp1 protein, mouse
-
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
-
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
-
Caspase 3