The authors, following recent observation of two cases of renovascular hypertension, one related to single right renal artery stenosis and the other to fibromuscular dysplasia of the left renal artery, examine the value of the Captopril-Test and treatment with Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA), in the diagnosis and therapy of this form of hypertension. According to the latest experience, reported in the literature, the Captopril-Test yields valid information as regards the dependence of hypertension on the renin-angiotensin system, while PTA represents the primary procedure in the treatment of renovascular hypertension when some conditions are satisfied as in our cases.