Three dimensional computational models of both sides of human nasal passages were developed to investigate the effect of septal deviation on the flow patterns and deposition of micro/nano-particles in the realistic human nasal airways before and after septoplasty. A series of coronal CT scan images from a live 25-year old nonsmoking male with septal deviation in his right nasal passage was used to construct the model. For low to moderate activities, the steady airflows through the nasal passages were simulated. Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches were used, respectively, for nano- and micro-particles. The results show that the flow field and particle deposition strongly depend on the passage geometry especially for micro particles. In particular, the deposition rate in the passage with septal deviation was much higher compared with those in the normal (left) passage and the postoperative passage. Despite the similarity of total micro-particle deposition in the postoperative and the normal cavities, the regional deposition patterns were quite different in these passages. The deposition of nano-particles, however, showed similar trends in the postoperative right nasal passage and the normal left passage. The simulation results showed that in addition to the major alteration of the airflow pattern after the septoplasty operation, there are significant changes in the deposition pattern of nano- and micro-particles. Despite the anatomical differences between the available experimental configuration and the present computer model, the simulation results for the deposition efficiency of particles of different sizes are in qualitative agreement with the available data.
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