Mass-scale high-throughput multiplex polymerase chain reaction for human platelet antigen single-nucleotide polymorphisms screening of apheresis platelet donors

Abstract

Background: Treatment with human platelet antigen (HPA)-matched platelets (PLTs) is the optimal therapy for bleeding secondary to neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Recent advances in high-throughput DNA-based blood group and PLT antigen genotyping have made it possible to screen plateletpheresis donors for potential HPA-matched PLT transfusion.

Study design and methods: This prospective study evaluated genomic DNA from plateletpheresis donors for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -15 to determine whether high-throughput multiplex genomic DNA PCR and oligonucleotide extension technology can be used for mass-scale PLT antigen genotyping. Genotyping using SNP technology was confirmed using sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR).

Results: Of the 748 donors screened, 277 were found to be negative for antigens implicated in alloimmune thrombocytopenia. In addition, two donors were homozygous for HPA-1b/b and -2b/b, six donors for HPA-1b/b and -3b/b, one for HPA-2b/b and -3b/b, one for HPA-1b/b and -5b/b, 10 for HPA-1b/b and -15 b/b, four for HPA-5b/b and -15b/b, and one for HPA-2b/b and -15b/b. Retesting using SSP-PCR was conducted for 60 donors. Discrepant results occurred between SNP and SSP-PCR in less than 20% of samples for HPA-1b/1b/HPA-3b/3b, HPA-5b/5b, and HPA-15b/b.

Discussion: High-throughput multiplex PCR SNP and confirmatory molecular genotyping are useful for mass-scale screening of apheresis PLT donors to provide antigen-negative genotypes. Refinements to mass-scale multiplex analysis technology would reduce further the confirmatory testing needed.