Approximately one third of adults report difficulty sleeping, and 10% to 15% have the clinical disorder of insomnia. Among primary care patients, approximately half have sleep difficulties, but these difficulties often are undetected. Sleep disorders, especially chronic insomnia, results in impaired occupational performance and diminished quality of life. Insomnia is associated with higher healthcare usage and costs, including a 2-fold increase in hospitalizations and physician visits. Insomnia is also a risk factor for a number of other medical and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, hypertension. This presentation describes different sleep disorders (insomnia, hypersomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep related movement disorders, circadian rhythms sleep disorders, parasomnias), diagnostic methods available in sleep medicine. The various treatment options for these sleep disorders are also identified.