This study was aimed to explore the expression of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) on acute leukemia cells and its clinical significance. Bone marrow of 40 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and 24 patients with normal bone marrow as control group were collected. Samples came from outpatients and inpatients in our hospital. EPOR mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. The results showed that there was EPOR expression on AL cells, the expression rate was 57.5%, and the average expression level (Gray value) was 0.3549 ± 0.2800, but both were lower than that in control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant statistic difference of expression rate between acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (p > 0.05), and expression level of AML EPOR was higher than that of ALL (p < 0.05). It is concluded that there is EPOR expression on AL cells, while the expression rate and expression level are lower than those in control group (p < 0.05). There is no significant statistic difference of the expression rate between AML and ALL (p > 0.05), and the expression level of AML EPOR is higher than that of ALL (p < 0.05).