Objective: To investigate the biological features of human decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) in vitro and identify their capacity of multilineage differentiation.
Methods: PDB-MSCs were harvested from the decidua basalis of term placental by enzymatic digestion and density gradient centrifugation, and the growth characteristics and morphological changes of the MSCs were observed by inverted microscope. The proliferative ability of the cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8. The cell cycle and expressions of the surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD34, CD45, and CD14) of the MSCs were identified by flow cytometry. Multilineage differentiation capacity of the cells was tested by inducing their differentiation toward osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro.
Results: MSCs isolated from human decidua basalis of term placental exhibited a morphology similar to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs, and grew into colonies in in vitro culture, where the cells proliferated rapidly after passage with a cell doubling time of 2.21∓0.21 days. More than 70% of the cells stayed in the resting stage (G(0)/G(1)) and showed positivity for CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD90, but not for CD14, CD34 or CD45. After induction, the cells showed positive results of alizarin red staining, oil red O staining and Alcian blue staining.
Conclusion: Human decidua basalis contains a rich source of MSCs, which can be easily isolated and cultured without affecting their capacity of multilineage differentiation. The PDB-MSCs may have the potential as a novel source of stem cells.